Sunday, August 4, 2019

The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell

The Tipping Point may have been one of the first non-fiction books I read. I borrowed it from a friend in high school as he described it as a "modern classic", whatever that means in the context of modern non-fiction. In a way, I've been on that path ever since. I've never been a disciple of Malcolm Gladwell in the way that some people seem to be, but I do follow his writing and, more recently, his podcast Revisionist History. I recommended The Tipping Point to my wife - it's succinct, entertaining and touches on some of the cornerstones of sociology - but ended up reading it myself once it landed on my bedside table.

It hasn't aged well, but it still has surprisingly much to offer. The Tipping Point describes a theory about social epidemics that Gladwell has amalgamated from academic studies and his own thinking. A social epidemic is how fidget spinners, high (or low) waisted jeans and Instagram suddenly became central fixtures of western societies without any seemingly deliberate plan behind them. Gladwell lays out the three key components in compellingly simple terms: it's about the people, the context and the content. Certain types of people are vastly more powerful in spreading a social epidemic. Mavens learn every minute detail of a new product and act as data banks. Connectors spread the message by, well, being connected. Salesmen convince others to act on the information curated by mavens and distributed by connectors.

It may not be worth it to explore the contents of The Tipping Point in more detail. The theory itself has held up well over time, but the anecdotes and other trivia are hilariously out of date. The dramatic drop in crime in the United States was a recent phenomenon at the time of release, but today it is being studied as if it were ancient history (and the reasons behind the decline are perhaps better explored in Freakonomics). Hush Puppies and Airwalk have not been in the public mind since more or less since the release of this book. The Tipping Point was released in 2000 at the height of the dot-com bubble. Social networks wouldn't properly exist for another decade. Their existence would increase the speed of social epidemics by an order of magnitude: today, tweets travel faster than seismic waves (https://xkcd.com/723/).

Gladwell's framework for understanding social epidemics seems to do well in today's world of Facebook, Brexit and Trump. What it lacks, though, is a compelling exploration of a single phenomenon that would showcase the theory in action, starting from the first person who reacts to a coming social epidemic. The author doesn't show us who were the first people to adopt Hush Puppies. He only speculates about their existence. This increased focus on the people in social epidemics would be a great way to study contemporary phenomena. For example, why is Naziism resurging on the political right? Why do some environmental initiatives surge (reducing plastic or carbon compensation), while others never find traction (emissions trading or reduction of meat production subsidies)? The Tipping Point could benefit from a complete rewrite, not because it describes the world poorly, but because it was ten years ahead of its time.